Which DSM-5 criterion of Borderline Personality Disorder reflects identity disturbance?

• A. Markedly and persistently unstable self-image or sense of self.
• B. Chronic fear of abandonment.
• C. Impulsivity in multiple areas.
• D. Transient stress-related paranoid ideation.

Answer: (A)

Identity disturbance is the feature tested here. In Borderline Personality Disorder, there is a markedly and persistently unstable self-image or sense of self. This means the person may have a shifting view of who they are, what they want, their values, and their goals—often changing their career plans, beliefs, or even aspects of their identity from one moment to the next. This instability in self-feeling underpins other symptoms, such as rapid changes in mood or behavior, and can contribute to tumultuous relationships.

The other options describe different aspects of BPD but not identity disturbance itself. A chronic fear of abandonment relates to the intensity and instability of relationships and how the person reacts to perceived rejection. Impulsivity refers to acting on urges in multiple areas (like spending, sex, or substance use) rather than to the sense of self. Transient stress-related paranoid ideation points to unusual thoughts that arise under stress, not a persistent instability of self-identity.